Organizational conflict essay Essay - 1650 Words

Organizational conflict essay (Essay Sample) Content: Running Head: ORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICTORGANIZATIONAL CONFLICTby Students nameCode+ course nameProfessors nameUniversity nameCity, StateDate Conflict in an organization is very much of a reality even as it poses as a challenge to the management that comes up with resolutions to solve it. As such it is equitably referred to as organizational conflict. It can be defined as an effort undertaken by an individual or a group with a purpose to restrain another purpose with the ideology being furthering ones own interest or attainment of the groups goals. Although there are many pathways towards defining conflict, it is with relevance that one should note they resolve around such aspects as opposing interests, recognition of these interests, difference in beliefs towards the opposing interests, it links to becoming a process in itself and also cover the actions that are seen to be the goals of the opposing sides that each party sees it should be thwarted. However, this does no t necessarily mean that incompatibilities, disagreements and other reasons reported to be the source of conflict create immediacy towards conflict but rather the reasons must be serious enough for a conflict to come on stage. It is also evident that humans differ in their tolerance capabilities and therefore some will be involved easily in a conflict as compared to others who hold the other extreme (Rahim 2011, p.38). However, one should never confuse competition with conflict, in fact, for some researcher; competition is seen as a subset of conflict with other implying that competition can be regulated unlike conflict even though no matter the rules, some instances have shown no differences since both quantities result into the same observation. There are a number of sources that can be attributed to this fact and as such are detailed in the respect of perceptions, difference in values and interests, differences in power and status and limited resources. Perceptions that lead to co nflict are related to difference in background, knowledge, trainings and goals that differ thus resulting to interpersonal conflicts. Clashes that come about due to differences in values and interests is majorly experienced in engineering and manufacturing industries where personnel have differences when it comes to what tops their lists when it comes to the finished product. Lack of equal distribution in power or status is seen to be the link to contrasts developed from power and status conflicts. Scarcity has been seen to be the general rule of differences in areas where resources are not adequate and as such may result to very upharzard behaviours and implications. An inter-group conflict is only observed when authority, jurisdiction and sometimes when resources are put into contest. This is despite the fact that in an organization, several sections may be serving under the same head but differences in goals, activities, identification with their work place, recognition, power a nd prestige results into conflict. Inter-organisational conflicts are very much the same as the inter-group conflicts (Rahim 2011, p.74). The organizational climate that acts as a platform for such conflicts to be observed as put up several factors that identify with the properties of an organization with perceptions of individuals. Some of these factors can be elaborated as organizational structure that consists of constraints, regulations, laws and red tapping; individualistic responsibility that defines the roles that individuals play in an organization; rewards that links up with responsibility where recognition of an individuals with such motivations as this raises the confidence of the worker despite the position the individual holds; risks involved in the work activities and the intensity therein; fellowship settings within the work place that generates the general feeling of support among the workers; provision of direction in clarity aids the individuals to work in an ef ficient manner; having clarity when it comes to defining objectives, plans and responses internally; creating platforms for individuals potential to innovate and incorporate the same in their daily line of work; highly competitive and proper guidelines in competency among managers; having good cooperation among the workers; having a profit minded attitude as well as sales making orientation; trustworthiness that is between individuals and tolerance and ability to handle conflict where it exists is another quantity that is considered in determining the climate. It is interesting to note that conflicts have both functional and dysfunctional effects. Some of the functional effects may involve stimulation of innovation, changes and invention among individuals; it may result to improved ways of making decisions internally; new or alternative modes of solutions can be developed due to conflicts as part of the resolutions; realization of synergistic solutions is another possibility of th is milestone; improvement when it comes to diligence with work activities; it develops platforms for innovating new approaches; clarification and articulation when it comes to positions is done on the same basis or platform. Some of the dysfunctional outcomes though common may be summarized as stress, becoming unsatisfied and burning out; reduction of communication between the parties involved; distrust, misinformation and suspicion can be developed in the organizational climate; relationships may go down the drain due to conflicts; negative implications when it comes to job performance is a possibility; an observation can be seen on resistance being on the increase towards change in as much it might be of good will and lastly commitment and loyalty of the player to the organization may be adversely affected.Resolutions The management can always have several platforms to resolve such incapacities. However, it is of essence to note that creation of mental and emotional involving t he subordinate staff among themselves as well with the management team is a better option for the same. This automatically has emphasis on humanity even when it comes to the way the administration handles each individual whether in conflict or not. This will enable the individual to identify his/herself with the firm and as such comfortably work within its settings. It will also aid the management to have personal relations with the subordinate stuff thereby creating the much needed trustworthiness. They should also consider accepting responsibility and this is well observed only after individuals decide to involve themselves as the first part elaborates. The essence it plays in this second sector is to ensure they understand that they are not only executors of what is already decided upon but also realize they are decision makers since they were involved in that exercise. A successful work team is seen to be having good reception for work and as such the managers are perceived to b e supportive contributors. Attaining motivation as their contributions are recognized by creating platforms for innovation and application of the realized results into the company. More is done by honouring the individuals with rewards and promotions (Reddy 2004, p.72). Other alternatives to resolving interpersonal conflicts involve the lose-lose strategy; this is where the individuals decide to avoid by ignoring or withdrawing with the thought that the conflict will simply go away as some think it will solve itself. It has however been seen to score very low on both sides of the bargain. The extreme end of the above stated has also been put to stage where on individual decides to accommodate the thoughts of the other party with concerns of maintaining a low concern on themselves with a higher one to the opposing one. This aids in keeping harmony with relationships thus repatriating anger or confrontations. This is despite of such individuals that...

Dating Patterns Among College Students Essay - 1309 Words

Dating Patterns Among College Students Dating today differs greatly compared to dating say sixty or even eighty years ago. Dating trends today, such as cohabitation, would be considered insanity or chaos if these patterns were displayed in the 1920’s. Today the majority of persons who date are seeking the outcome of a marriage (although research does not agree with this). Eighty years ago, people dated for fun, pleasure, and recreation (Schwartz 116), and only â€Å"popular† people dated (Waller 1937), dating was a rarity, and limited to people in their late teen years or early adulthood. However, today it is quite different from eighty years ago with respect to the purpose of dating, and trends. Dating starts at earlier ages such as†¦show more content†¦Why we date and the outcome of dating. Time relations with respect to engagement or until marriage occur. Interracial relations; whether or not interracial dating is alright, whether or not interracial sex is alright, and whether or not interracial marriage is alright. The last research question posed is whether or not the survey participant has tried the new Carl Junior’s Southwestern Spicy Chicken Sandwich (survey question number eighteen). Current literature and scientific research is fairly consistent when relations are analyzed, â€Å"people don’t date anymore: they just get together; they just have sex, live together and then go their separate ways, also there are much fewer committed relationships than in the past (Schwartz 118). According to the research, young adults today believe that these patterns are healthier than they were in the past (Schwartz 118). One research study conducted in 1966 by James Skipper and Gilbert Nass proved that young adults dates for reasons varying from dating just to date to dating as means for a larger goal (Skipper 1966). 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Biomass As A Renewable Energy Resource - 907 Words

3 Biomass as a renewable energy resource Biomass can be considered as a renewable energy resource, although burning biomass releases carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere similar to burning fossil fuel (Liu H. 2011). There is a significant difference in CO2 release between burning a fossil fuel and burning biomass. Burning a fossil fuel releases CO2 that has been locked up for millions of years in the ground, affecting the natural CO2 cycle and resulting in an increase in the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. Burning biomass simply return to the atmosphere the same amount of CO2 which was absorbed from the air via the photosynthesis process while the biomass plant was growing over a relatively short period of time (a few years to decade), and there is no net release of C02 into the atmosphere, i.e., CO2-neutral, if the cycle of growth and harvest is sustained. Therefore, biomass can consider as a renewable energy resource as shown in Figure 3.1 (Li u H. 2011). 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Proposal for the Supply Chain of Sadafco-Free-Samples for Students

Questions: 1.Use a framework to determine a suitable supply chain for this Organisation. You may wish to focus on one product or many ? 2.Discuss which aspect of the chain should or could be Optimised and Discuss how this is affected by the various Environmental Impacts on the Supply Chain ? 3.Having determined a suitable supply chain give an outline proposal plan to Implement the new supply chain ? 4.Consider the Financial Implications of this supply chain, investments in plant and equipment, sources of finance and measures of Financial Performance ? 5.For your Chosen Company suggest the Control Policies for items of stock ? Answers: Introduction The purpose of this report is to analyze on the supply chain issues for developing the proposal for supply chain for Sadafco. Saudi Arabia and Foodstuff company ( Sadafco) has been one of the market leader in Milk Market (UHT) in Saudi Arabia. This company captures half of the UHT milk market and near about one third of the total milk. Even this organization also produces different products other than UHT milk that includes Ice-cream, Cheese, Ketchup , Butter etc. The companys mission is to develop, manufacture and market nutritious food for each age groups as well as create high shareholder value through their teamwork. The supply chain refers to the system of companies , activities, resources and information that are involved in distributing the goods from the suppliers to buyers (Aya?, Samanlioglu Bykzkan, 2013). The activities of supply chain involves in transformation of raw materials or natural resources to finished goods, which is then delivered to the buyers. The study also elucidates on the framework that is used to determine suitable supply chain for this company. One of the challenges that the company faces is to incorporate supply chain in appropriate way in order to benefit their customers and maximize profit (Badri, Bashiri Hejazi, 2013). The aspect of the supply chain of this organization that should be optimized is also discussed in this study. The environmental impact on the supply chain that affects this aspect of chain is also illustrated in this report. The study also focuses on the proposal plan for implementation of new supply chain to this company. The financial implications of supply chain, sources of finance and the measures of financial performance of this firm are also explained in this study. The recommendation of control policies for the items of this company is also highlighted in this study. 1.Framework for determining the suitable supply chain for Sadafco In current changing marketplace, as the competition among the companies has been fierce, Sadafco expands their business focus on encompassing the supply chain in order to gain competitive advantage against their rivals. In present decades, the companies implements new business framework that is based on their customized production as well as relationship with the supply chain members (Bilgen elebi, 2013). Historically, there are three basic stages of supply chain including- procurement, manufacturing and distribution that the organization tries to manage it in effective way. Increase in competitive pressures as well as globalization in the market forced the organizations in developing supply chains, which facilitates them in quickly responding to the requirements of the customers. Supply chain integration procedure through investment in technologies as well as cooperative arrangements aids in strategic ranking of the organizations (Brindley, 2017). The conceptual framework helps in emphasizing the nature of supply chain management (SCM) within the organization. The SCM model mainly consists of interrelated elements that includes- The network structure of supply chain The organization participates in the supply chain as the relationship at various points varies between the firms and networks. However, the management of the organization focuses on choosing the partnership level that has been appropriate for that specific supply chain. The business processes of supply chain- Successful SCM mainly need change from supervising the functions of individual to incorporating activities into processes of supply chain (Estampe et al., 2013). The business processes mainly requires flow of information that in turn aids in creating the flow of best commodity. The management components of supply chain- There are nine components of SCM that includes-management procedure, companys structure, planning and controlling, leadership structure, goods flow structure, reward structure, structure of work, business culture, attitude of employees and information flow framework. Figure 1:Framework of supply chain management Source: (Huo, 2012) The framework used for determining the suitable supply chain for Sadafco is SCOR (supply chain operations reference model). This model illustrates the business procedure that is required for satisfying the demand of customers. In addition, this framework mainly focuses on the five key supply chain areas that includes planning, sourcing, making, delivering and returning. Planning- This step includes planning of demand and supply of products. The elements involve balancing resources according to their needs and communication within the process. This plan includes determination of business rules for improving the efficiency of supply chain. Sourcing- It illustrates sourcing infrastructure as well as material acquisition. It also explains management of inventories, suppliers network and performance. Making- It reflects activities of production, packaging, product staging and launching. It also involves managing manufacturing network, services and transportation. Delivering-This area includes warehousing, order management and transportation. It also involves transportation, requirements of import as well as export, commodities life cycles and management of inventories. Returning- This involves management of assets, inventory, transportation, business rules and other regulatory requirements. Figure 2: Supply chain diagrm of Sadafco Source: (As created by author) The above framework illustrates the supply chain diagram of sadafco orgamization. Technically, the supply chain begins at producing raw milk from the direct inputs to the dairy animals and them moving to their dairy farms. This raw milk is then purchased by sadafcos milk buyers, which is then processed by the dairy processors of sadafco. This dairy processors then pasteurizes the liquid milk that results in yoghurt, milk powders, juices etc. After that it is transported to their dairy factories for processing cheese, butter and other dairy products. Then it passes on to the distributors for selling these dairy products to the customers. 2.Optimization of some aspect of supply chain of Sadafco As the supply chain of the companies has become complex in recent period, it becomes critical for Sadafco in managing the whole supply chain network for optimizing their business performance. Optimization of supply chain refers to the application of processes that facilitates in ensuring the operation of production as well as distribution of product supply chain. This mainly includes optimal inventory placement within the process, reducing cost of operation etc. This organization implements technology for optimizing their supply chain. This company invests in technology in order to track their resources and improve the automated processes. Sadafco selects QAD DSCP (Demand and supply chain planning) in order to improve their forecasting and optimizing their supply chain. QAD is one of the leading providers of software as well as services that has been designed for production organization in the global market. It provides the organization with enterprise applications, ERP (enterprise resource planning) system that aids in supporting their operational needs that includes financial, production, buyers management, planning of demand and supply chain, process management of business and business intelligence. These enterprise applications offers flexible deployment framework in the business environment. It also improves their production, distribution and marketing process of wide variety of commodities in those regions where they operates. QAD DSCP basically consists of various solutions that includes planning of demand, manufacturing, distribution and procurement. It has been noted from the recent study that QAD DSCP helps i n reducing cost as well as inefficiency in the process of supply chain. This company implements QADs application in order to improve their business process and their supply chain. This organization initially adopts demand planning in their business for optimizing their processes. This organization chooses this DSCP for the given reasons that includes- QAD DSCP usually offers comprehensive solution to the company It also helps in integrating with the existing QAD ERP as well as with their van loading system The food industry of QAD is experienced This QAD DSCP is flexible and hence helps in meeting the companys requirements without customization This implementation of QAD DSCP allows the organization in managing their inventories in better way, improving their level of customer service, reduce their lead time of makeup order and improve their promotional profit. It also facilitates in improving their communication with their suppliers that leads to decrease in their purchasing cost. However, it also aids the company in delivering their product at right place in less time. It is well known that the cost of supply chain adversely affects the environment. Therefore, delivering the products efficiently helps in reducing their carbon footprint in the environment. Several environmental affect from the supply chain includes toxic waste, biodiversity loss, long term ecosystem damage, water pollution, deforestation, risky air emissions and greenhouse gas emission. This organization with the initiatives of sustainability works with their suppliers in identifying the pollution sources and waste for discovering preventive measures. This environmental impacts adversely affects the demand and supply chain planning aspect of this organization. The demand of the product depends on the climatic conditions as the consumers flock outdoors. Increase in demand for product owing to weather conditions influences the organizations supply chain through reduction of inventories as well as creating challenges that the sellers tries to meet. In addition, the supply of goods beco mes restricted due to this harmful environmental impact as the adverse weather impacts production of products (Chopra Sodhi, 2014). The toxic waste that has been caused due to supply chain kill the crops , which in turn affects the health of dairy animals and this results in poor quality of raw materials. Moreover, it also creates delivery issues from distributors to retailers. As a result, the shortage in supply of goods occurs due to this inconvenience of transportation and reduced production. 3.Proposal plan for implementing the new supply chain to Sadafco This organization is mainly based on IDI (Interfirm demand integration) process. IDI process refers to the systematic coordination of functions that is consumer focused and tactics used in the process of supply chain. It main purpose is to improve the financial performance of each organization and whole of its supply chain. (Rushton, Croucher Baker, 2012) This procedure mainly consists of three activities that are being coordinated between the trading partners that includes demand management, demand planning and collaborative forecasting. Each of this helps in improving the performance of supply chain. Demand management- These activities are applied for creating demand in order to optimize product supply. This might include various forms namely- exclusive goods, packaging as well as bundling options. Brand promotions etc, Demand planning- it refers to the coordination of dependent flow through organization in supply chain. Therefore, dependent demand refers to the demand for materials that has been taken from customer demand for any particular commodities. Collaborative planning- it refers to the exchange of information among the trading partners for developing single shared demand projection. The implementation of this process revealed the direct relationship between incorporation of activities in business and enhancing performance of supply chain. Figure 2: Framework of IDI process Source: (Rangel, de Oliveira Leite,2015) There are some key supply chain issues including alliance, transportation, storage and financing that creates problem in their supply chain operation. Transportation plays significant role in the supply chain that aids in providing the movement of commodities. As dairy products have short life span, transportation has become major problem in the supply chain. In addition, distance of delivery route also creates problems in customer service as well as the cost of transportation. Strategic alliance refers to the agreement among the parties for pursuing upon the objectives that is required by the business (Prajogo Olhager,, 2012). This alliance involves transfer of technology or access to expertise, shared risk as well expenses and specialization in the economy. However, the partners might provide alliance with some resources that includes commodities, manufacturing capability, funding of project, capital equipment and intellectual property. This might create problem of congestion in t he organization while technology and expertise transfer might adversely affects the product quality and total productivity. Storing milk and dairy products at right temperature helps in keeping the products fresh. If the storage is not done at right temperature, then it affects the quality of dairy product and this in turn dissatisfies the customer (Rangel, de Oliveira Leite,, 2015). Flow of finance within the supply chain helps the organization in reducing total cost of production of dairy products. But it might create problem in the supply chain management if the flow of finance is improper. Supply chain of Sadafco continues its function in sourcing, buying, transporting, storing unprocessed materials and packaging materials that has been required for domestic production of this organizations product (Seuring, 2013). The proposal plan for implementing new supply chain to Sadafco is explained below: Firstly, the collection of raw materials should be monitored with the implementation of new technology and then should be transferred from firm to the factory Then the planning should be done for the total quantity of dairy products to be manufactured according to the consumers demand. The milk that is sent to the factory should undergo some processes that include chilling as well as processing of raw milk. While manufacturing the products, the activities must be scheduled and the product quality must be measured In order to keep the milk as well as the milk products fresh, the company should transport these products through refrigerated vans, insulated tanker vans etc from one region to another. These processed products should be delivered by coordinating order receipt and developing warehouses to the retail markets. The product then reaches to the customers from this retail market. The company should create the network with the help of new information technology in order to receive defective commodities and gather feedback from customers. This stage also helps in developing new product according to the preference of their customers. 4.Financial implication of supply chain, investment in plant and equipment, finance sources and measures of financial performance of Sadafco The three basic functions of the organization supply chain includes procurement, planning operations and logistics. However, investment in plant and equipment facilitates in improving productivity as well as performance of the supply chains. This investment in technologies enhances the return on investment (ROI) of the organization. Automatic milking system (AMS) is basically the robotic systems that helps the company in organizing the whole milking process. In addition, it reduces the workload of the workers due to implementation of equipment in the company. The cost of production reduces and quality of product improves due to adoption of equipment (Stadtler, 2015). Moreover, it also minimizes adverse environmental affect and satisfies the customers in providing the product at right time. As a result, it utilizes the resource in proper way and improves the efficiency in supply chain operations. The sources of finance in the supply chain are also termed as supply chain finance. These includes letters of credit, trade loans, bills collection, bank guarantees etc where the customers are usually given the time period for paying for the products that has been supplied to them. There are various measures of financial performance including- liquidity, profitability, financial efficiency, solvency, working capital etc. Liquidity refers to the measurement of firms business ability for meeting the financial obligations without disrupting the existing business operations. Liquidity of the company is measured by current ratio as well as working capital. Solvency measures total amount of capital borrowed that has been utilized by the company. It is mainly concerned with short-term as well as long-term liabilities and assets. It is usually measured by debt-to asset and equity- to asset ratio. Profitability refers to the total amount of profit generated by business from the production factors such as management, labor and capital. ROA( rate of return on assets of firm), operating profit margin etc are some of the profitability measurement. Financial efficiency measures the efficiency degree in utilizing labor and capital. Asset turnover ratio, depreciation expense r atio are few measures of financial efficiency. Proper implementation of supply chain management enhances the competitiveness of supply chain through coordination of activities (Huo, 2012). The function of supply chain affects the working capital of the organization. This means that sourcing as well as delivery time, bad debt, predicting accuracy, change in exchange rate etc creates problem in supply chain and this in turn influences their financial performance. In addition, lead time, product quality and returns, stock out, inventory and transportation cost , packaging cost also affects the company profitability level (Wagner, Grosse-Ruyken Erhun, 2012) 5.Recommendation on control policies for the items of stock The basic purpose of management of stock is to enhance the profit of store by ensuring that stock levels are available in the store every time. The following recommendations on control policies for the items of stock will help Sadafco in expanding their business in the global market. These include- The management of Sadafco must establish stocking policies annually and must set optimized safety level of stock and inventory level The company must plan as well as evaluate the range of their product for meeting the requirements of the target market Each store must vary in procedures and technology that is mainly used for controlling stock. However, it is recommended that Sadafco must implement new systems that will provide unit control, dollar control and manage inventory. The management of Sadafco must keep documentation of stock in order to monitor it in the store (Wisner, Tan Leong, 2013). These documentation will help the company in identifying the present state of inventory in store with regards to fast or slow movement of stock , damaged stock and stockturn. In addition, the company should also interpret the information of stock in a report in order to enhance the operation in the store. Conclusion From the above report, it can be concluded that Sadafco has good position in the marketplace. The mission and values of this organization reflects that it is mainly focused on ethical business operation, which not only improves its value of shareholder but also manufactures commodities that benefits their customers. Additionally, internal assessment also highlights that the supply chain operation of this organization is better as compared to other dairy firms in this nation and hence shows good leadership structure. This company has managed in creating the business culture that focuses on positive business values. Although this organization faces huge competition from other rivals, their business strategy helps them in gaining competitive advantage in the marketplace. Furthermore, the proposal plan for implementation of new supply chain to this organization might improve their supply chain operations and enhance their financial performance. Selection of DSCP is appropriate as it help s them in optimizing their supply chain. The implementation of new technology improves their supply chain operations and hence enables them in overcoming the challenges from external environment. References Aya?, Z., Samanlioglu, F., Bykzkan, G. (2013). A fuzzy QFD approach to determine supply chain management strategies in the dairy industry.Journal of Intelligent Manufacturing,24(6), 1111-1122. Badri, H., Bashiri, M., Hejazi, T. H. (2013). Integrated strategic and tactical planning in a supply chain network design with a heuristic solution method.Computers Operations Research,40(4), 1143-1154. Bilgen, B., elebi, Y. (2013). Integrated production scheduling and distribution planning in dairy supply chain by hybrid modelling.Annals of Operations Research,211(1), 55-82. Brindley, C. (Ed.). (2017).Supply chain risk. Taylor Francis. Carter, C. R., Rogers, D. S., Choi, T. Y. (2015). Toward the theory of the supply chain.Journal of Supply Chain Management,51(2), 89-97. Cho, D. W., Lee, Y. H., Ahn, S. H., Hwang, M. K. (2012). A framework for measuring the performance of service supply chain management.Computers Industrial Engineering,62(3), 801-818. Chopra, S., Sodhi, M. S. (2014). Reducing the risk of supply chain disruptions.MIT Sloan Management Review,55(3), 73. Christopher, M. (2016).Logistics supply chain management. Pearson UK. Esmaeilikia, M., Fahimnia, B., Sarkis, J., Govindan, K., Kumar, A., Mo, J. (2016). Tactical supply chain planning models with inherent flexibility: definition and review.Annals of Operations Research,244(2), 407-427. Estampe, D., Lamouri, S., Paris, J. L., Brahim-Djelloul, S. (2013). A framework for analysing supply chain performance evaluation models.International Journal of Production Economics,142(2), 247-258. Huo, B. (2012). The impact of supply chain integration on company performance: an organizational capability perspective.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,17(6), 596-610. Kumar, S. K., Tiwari, M. K. (2013). Supply chain system design integrated with risk pooling.Computers Industrial Engineering,64(2), 580-588. Liu, H., Ke, W., Wei, K. K., Hua, Z. (2013). The impact of IT capabilities on firm performance: The mediating roles of absorptive capacity and supply chain agility.Decision Support Systems,54(3), 1452-1462. Manzini, R., Accorsi, R. (2013). The new conceptual framework for food supply chain assessment.Journal of Food Engineering,115(2), 251-263. Manzini, R., Accorsi, R. (2013). The new conceptual framework for food supply chain assessment.Journal of Food Engineering,115(2), 251-263. Monczka, R. M., Handfield, R. B., Giunipero, L. C., Patterson, J. L. (2015).Purchasing and supply chain management. Cengage Learning. Pettersson, A. I., Segerstedt, A. (2013). Measuring supply chain cost.International Journal of Production Economics,143(2), 357-363. Prajogo, D., Olhager, J. (2012). Supply chain integration and performance: The effects of long-term relationships, information technology and sharing, and logistics integration.International Journal of Production Economics,135(1), 514-522. Rangel, D. A., de Oliveira, T. K., Leite, M. S. A. (2015). Supply chain risk classification: discussion and proposal.International Journal of Production Research,53(22), 6868-6887. Rushton, A., Croucher, P., Baker, P. (2014).The handbook of logistics and distribution management: Understanding the supply chain. Kogan Page Publishers. Schaltegger, S., Burritt, R. (2014). Measuring and managing sustainability performance of supply chains: Review and sustainability supply chain management framework.Supply Chain Management: An International Journal,19(3), 232-24 Seuring, S. (2013). A review of modeling approaches for sustainable supply chain management.Decision support systems,54(4), 1513-1520. Stadtler, H. (2015). Supply chain management: An overview. InSupply chain management and advanced planning(pp. 3-28). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Tayur, S., Ganeshan, R., Magazine, M. (Eds.). (2012).Quantitative models for supply chain management(Vol. 17). Springer Science Business Media. Wagner, S. M., Grosse-Ruyken, P. T., Erhun, F. (2012). The link between supply chain fit and financial performance of the firm.Journal of Operations Management,30(4), 340-353. Wisner, J. D., Tan, K. C., Leong, G. K. (2014).Principles of supply chain management: A balanced approach. Cengage Learning. Yang, G. Q., Liu, Y. K., Yang, K. (2015). Multi-objective biogeography-based optimization for supply chain network design under uncertainty.Computers Industrial Engineering,85, 145-156. Yu, M., Nagurney, A. (2013). Competitive food supply chain networks with application to fresh produce.European Journal of Operational Research,224(2), 273-282. Yu, W., Jacobs, M. A., Salisbury, W. D., Enns, H. (2013). The effects of supply chain integration on customer satisfaction and financial performance: An organizational learning perspective.International Journal of Production Economics,146(1), 346-358.

Online Writing

Online WritingOnline writing is a way to make money without working for it. A lot of people today are trying to get away from the nine to five office job that they have. There are many advantages to online writing. Here are three of them:- It's a business opportunity. If you are interested in writing and can express yourself in a way that you want to, you can make a living off of your writing. In fact, it can be one of the most rewarding forms of work that you can ever do.- It's not something that you need to earn money to do. In fact, this type of writing can be just as profitable as selling other things, such as products or services that you may offer.- It can also be a relaxing experience. Many people enjoy the feeling of having a blog or online writing site that is their own. It gives them an outlet to express themselves and to be able to say whatever they want without worrying about being judged.- Another great benefit of online writing is that it can be done on your own time. Y ou can choose to write in the evening or on the weekends, and the choice is entirely up to you. This freedom of time means that you can choose how much you want to earn.- Paying for writing can be tricky. For example, many sites that will pay for your writing don't necessarily offer writers with exceptional writing skills. In order to find sites that pay well, try going to the online writer's community to find feedback.These are just a few of the important things that you should know before beginning an online writing career. Online writing is not difficult to do. In fact, there are plenty of sites that are willing to pay you for your writing services.If you want to earn a comfortable living from your writing, try looking into some sites that pay for your work. By taking this step, you will be able to get a steady income from your writing without having to worry about how you're going to get paid. Online writing is easy, but not hard, to do.

Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Interesting Topics to Write College Essay That Only a Few People Know Exist

Uncommon Article Gives You the Facts on Interesting Topics to Write College Essay That Only a Few People Know Exist A Secret Weapon for Interesting Topics to Write College Essay If you're able to settle on a topic that is relevant to your life, you will see that you are better focused on completing the job. You may also benefit from working on topics linked to your present job since you'll have a good chance to collect the principal data. Editorial subjects for such magazines are associated with issues confronted by means of college youngsters. Possessing an internet business is supposed to be fun, so choosing an area which you like will help make the full business more enjoyable for you. Ruthless Interesting Topics to Write College Essay Strategies Exploited No matter what the problem is, if you discover that it's interesting then you might be in a position to expand on it and select a place to argue. When you think of a list of subjects you enjoy, take into consideration th e way you can approach it from an intriguing angle. So you will need to scale down to be certain that you will be able to run a research within a limited time period. Moreover, as soon as you choose your subject, take some time to be sure you've thought of every possible category. In any case, it's possible to only write as much. Write down four or five friendly questions which you would love to ask him. Topics can vary from research to real-life events, based on the class. You may see an instance of an SEJ Link Roundup here. People today work out for different factors. Furthermore, they drink for various reasons. In 1 way, you're ready to locate topics to compose articles on and in another way you're now writing on something that people actually need to read about. It might be hard for you to develop an original topic about life because so many men and women have written about it already. Getting in a position to read, write and create with words is one of the most important gifts that mankind was given. A writer should always take note of her or his environment. Try to remember that a really excellent essay about life is going to have a good deal of your own thinking and experience. Don't be scared to express some contradictory ideas and ideas, so long as you find it possible to defend your opinions. Getting the Best Interesting Topics to Write College Essay Nowadays you get a great understanding what aspects to take into consideration when choosing a topic for your research paper so that it's time to locate a good one. Are a number of the issues regarding the degradation of surroundings. Some political topics include things like pending legislative accounts, the budget or employment development. A thoughtful and detailed evaluation which considers the records and ground realities need to be supplied in a sheet of writing. 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Learn How to Use PowerPoint For Your Business

Learn How to Use PowerPoint For Your BusinessMost people wonder if they really need to learn how to use PowerPoint. After all, it is one of the most popular presentation tools that is used for presentations around the world. Even if you are not working in the world of business, you should still be able to benefit from this tool because it has many benefits.The first benefit of PowerPoint is that it allows you to organize your information. While this may seem like a very important benefit, it can be a surprise to many people when they see how much time they actually save by using this tool. It does not matter if you are going to give a presentation or need to get an order from your boss, PowerPoint can help you organize your work and make sure that it flows.You also do not have to worry about finding the perfect image to go with each slide. PowerPoint automatically places the image on the slide that you want and usually saves the rest of the slide. This makes it easier to go back and look at the slides that you did not like and do some tweaking to make them better.For some, even getting a presentation ready can be a challenge. If you need a presentation but are only able to fit it into your schedule once a month, then it may be hard to find the time to practice with it. But with PowerPoint, you can actually use this tool for your entire life, as many times as you want.While some think that time management is not as important as other things, this is not true. Your time is valuable and you can really lose a lot of money by taking shortcuts in your life. By having a presentation or any kind of presentation that you can easily prepare yourself, you will be more likely to complete these tasks.One thing that you can do to benefit from PowerPoint is to develop a high speed communication system. Because the tool comes with so many features, you can actually teach yourself new ways to make your presentations better. With this, you will be able to share new information w ith others and create charts that you will enjoy using.One key advantage that is commonly overlooked is the fact that you can edit your own slides as well. It is nice that PowerPoint includes many tools for this function, but this should not be taken for granted. It is easy to spend hours on PowerPoint just creating different content for your presentation, and doing it the right way will definitely allow you to develop your own style of presentation.Finally, you can also add various tools that will make your work even easier. Since it can create videos, you can have your slides and videos going out to all of your contacts. These types of tools can save you a lot of time, and you should not overlook them.